Earth & Nature
Why Do Leaves Change Colour in Autumn? The Science of Yellow, Orange and Red
Why do leaves turn yellow or red in autumn, and why do trees drop them? The pigments in leaves, colourful autumns and why America is redder than Europe.
Earth & Nature
Atmosphere, oceans, weather and how our planet works.
Earth & Nature
How Do Rainbows Form? Light, Raindrops and the Secret of 42 Degrees
How do rainbows form, why are they curved and why do they appear opposite the Sun? Double rainbows, colour order and why you can never reach the end.
Earth & Nature
Why Is the Ocean Salty? Where Sea Salt Really Comes From
Why is seawater salty when rivers are fresh? How salt reaches the ocean from rocks and the seafloor, and why some seas are much saltier than others.
Earth & Nature
Why Is the Sky Blue? Rayleigh Scattering Explained Simply
Why is the sky blue and why are sunsets red? A clear explanation of how sunlight scatters in the atmosphere, and why we see blue instead of violet.
Earth & Nature
How Do Clouds Form and Why Does It Rain? A Water Droplet’s Journey Through the Sky
How do clouds form, why doesn’t a cloud carrying tonnes of water fall, and how is a raindrop made? The sky-high stages of the water cycle, explained.
Earth & Nature
What Causes Tides? The Moon’s Invisible Pull on the Oceans
Why does the sea rise and fall twice a day? How the Moon and Sun create tides, why there are two high tides and why some coasts get huge tides and others none.
Earth & Nature
How Do Volcanoes Erupt? Magma, Gases and Why Some Explode
How do volcanoes form, and why do some ooze gentle lava while others explode violently? Follow magma’s journey from deep underground to the surface.
Earth & Nature
What Causes Earthquakes? Faults, Magnitude and Seismic Waves Explained
How do earthquakes happen, what does magnitude really mean and can quakes be predicted? Plates, faults, seismic waves and what to do when the ground shakes.
Earth & Nature
How Does Lightning Form? Thunder, Bolts and How to Stay Safe
How does lightning form, what causes thunder and how can you tell how far away a strike is? A look inside a storm cloud, explained with diagrams.